Expert

Llama to llama communication is quite complex - they use body language - particularly ear position, spitting, humming and clicking.

A shy animal, and placid in nature, spitting is only used to establish dominance, or discipline in the herd - and is a defensive rather than aggressive display.

Ears are laid back to show agitation or worry, groaning is often a sign of anger or fear.

Tongue clicking is used to greet other llamas - or for flirting!